Galapagos Islands, Ecuador

ISLANDS OF THE WORLD

7 min read

The Galápagos Islands, a remote archipelago located nearly 1,000 kilometers off the coast of Ecuador, are among the most unique and biodiverse places on Earth. Famous for their role in Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution, these islands are a UNESCO World Heritage site and a mecca for nature lovers, wildlife enthusiasts, and adventure seekers. With endemic species found nowhere else in the world, pristine beaches, volcanic landscapes, and incredible marine life, the Galápagos offer an unforgettable travel experience.

This guide covers everything you need to know, from getting there and what to see to practical tips for planning your trip.

Getting There

To reach the Galápagos, you must first fly into mainland Ecuador, typically arriving at either Quito (Mariscal Sucre International Airport) or Guayaquil (José Joaquín de Olmedo International Airport). From either city, daily flights depart for the two main airports in the Galápagos:

Seymour Airport (GPS) on Baltra Island, which is the gateway for travelers heading to Santa Cruz Island and the central islands.
San Cristóbal Airport (SCY) on San Cristóbal Island, which is the starting point for exploring the eastern islands.

Flights from Quito generally have a stopover in Guayaquil. Once you arrive in the Galápagos, you will take a short ferry and bus ride to reach the main towns or embark on your cruise.

What to See and Do

1. Wildlife Watching

The Galápagos Islands are home to some of the most unique and fearless wildlife on the planet. Animals here have evolved without natural predators, making them incredibly approachable. You can expect to see:

Giant Tortoises: These slow-moving creatures are perhaps the most iconic animals of the Galápagos. You can visit tortoise reserves, such as the Charles Darwin Research Station on Santa Cruz, to learn about conservation efforts.
Marine Iguanas: The only seafaring lizard in the world, these fascinating reptiles can be seen basking on the lava rocks along the shorelines.
Blue-footed Boobies: Known for their vibrant blue feet and unique courtship dance, these birds are easy to spot on islands like North Seymour.
Galápagos Penguins: One of the smallest penguins in the world, these creatures are a rare sight and are typically seen on Isabela Island and Fernandina Island.

2. Snorkeling and Diving

The underwater world of the Galápagos is just as spectacular as what you’ll find on land. Snorkeling and diving in the archipelago offer encounters with diverse marine life, including:

Sea Lions: Playful and curious, sea lions often swim right alongside snorkelers.
Hammerhead Sharks: Experienced divers can visit places like Wolf Island and Darwin Island, famous for schools of hammerhead sharks.
Manta Rays and Turtles: Common sightings in the Galápagos’ clear waters, often spotted at dive sites like Devil’s Crown near Floreana Island.

3. Visit the Charles Darwin Research Station

Located on Santa Cruz Island, this research station focuses on the conservation of endangered species, particularly the giant tortoises. You’ll learn about ongoing conservation efforts, see baby tortoises, and even get up close with some of the island’s older inhabitants.

4. Hike Volcanic Landscapes

The Galápagos Islands are volcanic in origin, and hiking through these otherworldly landscapes is an unforgettable experience. Popular hikes include:

Sierra Negra Volcano on Isabela Island, where you can trek to the edge of one of the world’s largest volcanic craters.
Bartolomé Island, known for its iconic Pinnacle Rock, offers a relatively easy hike with sweeping views of the island’s beaches and clear waters.

5. Kayaking and Paddleboarding

Explore the Galápagos' coastline by kayak or paddleboard, where you can glide past mangroves, spot marine iguanas, and paddle alongside sea turtles. This eco-friendly activity is a fantastic way to experience the islands’ coastal ecosystems.

6. Cruise the Islands

One of the best ways to explore the Galápagos is by boat. Multi-day cruises allow you to visit multiple islands, access remote locations, and experience both land and sea excursions. Popular islands visited on cruises include Española Island (known for its waved albatross population), Genovesa Island (famous for birdwatching), and Fernandina Island, one of the least disturbed islands in the archipelago.

Best Time to Go

The Galápagos Islands are a year-round destination, but the best time to visit depends on your preferences:

December to May is the warm and wet season. The seas are calmer, and water temperatures are ideal for snorkeling and diving. This period also marks the breeding season for many animals, so you’re more likely to witness courtship displays and hatching.
June to November is the cool and dry season, with colder water temperatures and rougher seas due to the Humboldt Current. This is the best time to spot larger marine species like hammerhead sharks and whale sharks. However, land temperatures are cooler and more comfortable for hiking.

Where to Stay

There are two primary ways to experience the Galápagos: staying on land and taking day tours, or opting for a multi-day cruise. Both options offer unique experiences.

1. Land-Based Accommodations

Santa Cruz Island: As the main island, it offers a range of accommodations from budget to luxury, especially in Puerto Ayora. This area is ideal for easy access to the Charles Darwin Research Station and nearby beaches.
San Cristóbal Island: Known for its quieter ambiance, it offers beautiful beaches and coastal resorts. It’s also a prime spot for those interested in diving and the island’s unique wildlife.
Isabela Island: Known for its volcanic landscapes and large lagoons, Isabela is less developed, providing more remote eco-lodges and quiet beachfront accommodations. you prefer staying on land, there are hotels and eco-lodges on the main islands of Santa Cruz, San Cristóbal, and Isabela.

2. Cruise Ships

For an all-inclusive Galápagos experience, cruises are the way to go. Vessels range from luxury yachts to budget-friendly options, with itineraries covering multiple islands.

Luxury Cruises: La Pinta and Silversea Galápagos offer luxury accommodations, gourmet dining, and expert-guided tours.
Mid-Range Cruises: Ecoventura and Celebrity Flora offer excellent service and comfortable cabins without the hefty price tag.
Budget Cruises: Galápagos Legend and Aida Maria are affordable options that still provide great service and wildlife experiences.

Sustainability and Ecotourism

The Galápagos Islands are a model of sustainable tourism, with strict regulations to preserve their unique ecosystems. Visitors must adhere to guidelines set by the Galápagos National Park and are required to be accompanied by licensed naturalist guides. Many eco-lodges and cruise operators focus on minimizing their environmental impact through waste reduction, solar power, and supporting local conservation efforts. When visiting, it’s essential to follow Leave No Trace principles, respect wildlife, and support eco-conscious businesses.

Cuisine: A Taste of the Galápagos

While the Galápagos is known more for its natural wonders than its culinary scene, there are still delicious local foods to try:

Seafood: Fresh fish, shrimp, and lobster are staples in many dishes, often served grilled or in ceviche.
Locro de Papas: This traditional Ecuadorian potato soup is a comforting dish, often made with avocado, cheese, and local spices.
Arroz con Menestra: A hearty dish of rice and lentils, typically served with grilled chicken or fish.
Exotic Fruits: Enjoy tropical fruits like papaya, mango, and guava, which are fresh and abundant on the islands.

Local restaurants, especially in Puerto Ayora (Santa Cruz) and Puerto Baquerizo Moreno (San Cristóbal), offer a mix of Ecuadorian and international cuisine.

Practical Tips

Currency: U.S. Dollar (USD)
Language: Spanish is the official language, but English is commonly spoken in tourist areas.
Transportation: Small planes, ferries, and cruise ships offer inter-island travel, with local taxis and bicycles available on populated islands.
Tipping: Tipping is appreciated but not mandatory; around 10% for guides and waitstaff is standard.
Safety: The Galápagos Islands are generally safe; just exercise standard travel precautions and be cautious around unpredictable wildlife.
Packing Essentials: Reef-safe sunscreen, hats, light clothing, sturdy shoes for hiking, insect repellent, and underwater cameras for snorkeling or diving.
Culture and Etiquette: Respect the islands’ conservation rules and avoid touching or disturbing wildlife. It’s important to keep a safe distance from animals to avoid disrupting their natural behaviors.
Electricity: 110V, 60Hz with North American plug types (A and B).
Connectivity: Wi-Fi is available in most hotels, though it may be slow. Some islands and lodges offer limited connectivity to encourage digital detox.
Driving Tips: Driving is rare as most travel is done by foot, taxi, or guided tours. Only the main islands have limited roadways.
Entry Requirements: To visit the Galápagos, travelers must pay a $100 entry fee for the Galápagos National Park upon arrival, and a $20 transit control card at the airport in Quito or Guayaquil. These fees help support conservation efforts.
Island Hopping: While cruises provide access to remote islands, day trips from Santa Cruz or San Cristóbal are also available for those staying on land. It’s a great way to see more of the archipelago.
Pack for Adventure: Bring lightweight, breathable clothing for hiking, a waterproof jacket, and sturdy shoes for rugged terrain. Don’t forget sunscreen, a hat, and insect repellent. For water activities, pack a swimsuit and snorkeling gear, though most tours provide the latter.
Protect the Environment: The Galápagos is a protected area, and it’s important to follow all guidelines to minimize your impact. Stick to marked trails, maintain a respectful distance from wildlife, and never remove anything from the islands.
Water and Food: Tap water is not safe to drink, so stick to bottled water. Many restaurants and hotels filter their water for guests. Local seafood is delicious, but if you have dietary restrictions, inform your hotel or cruise operator in advance.
Altitude Considerations: If you’re spending time in Quito before flying to the Galápagos, be mindful of its high altitude (2,850 meters above sea level), which can cause altitude sickness. Drink plenty of water and take it easy on your first day.

A trip to the Galápagos Islands is an extraordinary adventure that connects travelers with nature in a pristine, untouched setting. The archipelago offers a unique opportunity to observe some of the world’s most fascinating wildlife up close while contributing to ongoing conservation efforts. From snorkeling with sea lions to hiking volcanic landscapes, the Galápagos promise an unforgettable experience for every nature enthusiast. By embracing eco-tourism practices and supporting local conservation, visitors can help preserve this remarkable destination for future generations.